Vineyard: 100% chardonnay from Witness Tree Vineyard, hand-picked 9/16/24. From a 1.52-acre block of 2019-planted mixed clones on 101-14 rootstock near the top of the vineyard: 45% FPS 87, 45% Dijon 76, 5% Dijon 96 and 5% Dijon 548. Jory over volcanic basalt. Vines are spaced 3.28x6, facing southeast between 600’-680’ with 20-30% slopes. Farming practices are transitioning to organic, all products are OMRI approved, no herbicides are used.

Vintage: A wet winter was followed by a mid-January freeze and a cool, wet early March. Bud break occurred mid-April, followed by a varied May that included both a heat wave and cool periods. Early June was warm, and warmer sites bloomed weeks before cooler or higher elevation, sites – a bit of rain helped temper fruit set. Yields were average. After a hot early July, temperatures cooled, and a temperate August set vines up for an exceptionally long and glorious harvest, which began on September 10 in Dundee and concluded on October 10 in South Salem. All lots were crushed and the must allowed to brown in steel before sulfur was added. Primary fermentation completed quickly with ambient yeasts in a warm cellar with full solids in primarily new, once and twice used extra tight grain French oak. As the cellar cooled, ambient malolactic fermentation progressed, completing between late 2024 and mid 2025. Very little lees stirring was employed. The wines aged one year in oak before being moved to steel tanks in August 2025 for a second winter on the lees in a cold cellar. The 2024 wines feature high natural acidity, prominent site expression with intense aromatics, depth of flavor, with texture, density and structure to age for decades.

Vinification: Witness Tree was hand-picked 9/16/24, crushed and pressed hard for three hours, then the must browned an additional 6 hours before a sulfur addition. Ambient primary fermentation engaged with vineyard-specific pied de cuve in steel before the lot was transferred with full solids to 40% new 350L puncheons and 60% once used 265L barrels. Primary fermentation completed rapidly in a warm cellar. The barrels were sulfured following completion of ambient malolactic in a cold cellar between late 2024 and mid 2025. After twelve months aging in extra tight grain French oak from Damy, a blend of 70% new 350L puncheons and 30% once used 265L barrels was made in steel. The 2024 Witness Tree Vineyard Chardonnay aged an additional six months in steel on lees. No fining or filtration. 49mm DIAM 30.

Chemistry: 6.7 g/L TA | 3.15 pH | 13.1% | 0.1g/L RS | 0.38 g/L VA | 0.1 g/L malic | ~50ppm SO2 (free)